Reading+Fluency+Skills

=Reading Fluency Skills=

Definition and Implications (CDE)
Reading fluency refers to the ability to read words accurately, quickly and effortlessly. Additionally, fluency skills include the ability to read with appropriate expression and intonation or prosody. Fluency therefore relies on three key skills: accuracy, rate, and prosody.

Reading fluency can and should vary, even for skilled readers, depending on the type of text (narrative, expository, poetry), familiarity with the vocabulary, background knowledge of the content, and the amount of practice the student has had with a particular text or type of text. Fluency comes from many successful opportunities to practice reading (Lambert, 2007).

Fluency is a necessary but not sufficient component for comprehension. It is, however, the bridge that links accurate word decoding to comprehension (Rasinski, 2004). The ability to read fluently allows readers to free up processing “space” so that they can comprehend, make connections to the text and acquire new vocabulary. Typically, students who cannot read fluently show a significant lag in reading comprehension skills as well.

DRA2 Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) Rates
When applying rates listed in the **DRA2 Words Per Minute Chart** (on page 144 of the DRA2 K-3 edition) with **PSD DRA2 Benchmark Targets** (found in the PSD CBLA Guidebook), the following oral reading fluency (ORF) rates emerge:

//Note: All wpm rates listed below apply to __fiction__ texts.// Independent on Level 16 ||= 55-88 wpm Independent on Level 18 ||= 75-105 wpm Independent on 28 || Independent on Level 28 ||= 80-110 wpm Independent on 30 ||= 90-125 wpm Independent on 38 || Independent on Level 38 ||= 90-135 wpm Independent on 38-40 ||= 105-140 wpm Independent on Level 40 || Independent on Level 38 ||= 90-140 wpm Independent on Level 38-40 ||= 115-150 wpm Independent on Level 50 || Please remember that __in addition__ to **__rate__, phrasing, expression,** and **accuracy** are other important measures of total **oral reading fluency**.
 * = ||= == **Fall ORF** == ||= == **Midyear ORF** == ||= == **Spring ORF** == ||
 * = == **Second Grade** == ||=  45-75 wpm
 * = == **Third Grade** == ||= 75-105 wpm
 * = == **Fourth Grade** == ||= 90-125 wpm
 * = == **Fifth Grade** == ||= 90-125 wpm

Probes

 * Oral Reading Fluency Rate

Links
[|Create Custom Reading Probes]